Abbondanza degli elementi nell'Universo

>
n.atomico Elemento
Acqua di mare
μg dm −3
Crosta terrestre
ppm

                   Meteoriti

 Sole (atomi)

Sistema solare
(atomi)
Rocce
ppm
Ferro
ppm

1 H

1.1 × 10 8 — — — 2.8 × 10 10 (2.8 × 1010)
2 He

0.007 2

 — — — 2.7 × 10 9 (2.7 × 109)
3 Li

1.7 × 10 2 20 1.7 — 0.4 57
4 Be

0.000 6 2.0 0.040 — 0.4 0.7
5 B

4.4 × 10 3 7.0 2.1 — 11 21

6 C

2.8 × 10 4 — 1.0 × 10 3 1.1 × 10 3 1.0 × 10 7 (1.0 × 107)
7 N

1.6 × 10 4 20 61 33 3.1 × 10 6 (3.1 × 106)
8 O

8.8 × 10 8 3.7 × 10 5 3.7 × 10 5 — 2.4 × 10 7 (2.4 × 107)
9 F

1.3 × 10 3 4.6 × 10 2 1.2 × 10 2 — 103: 8.5 × 10 2
10 Ne

0.12 — — — 3 × 10 6 (3 × 106)

11 Na

1.1 × 10 7 2.3 × 10 4 6.2 × 10 3 — 6.0 × 10 4 5.7 × 10 4
12 Mg

1.3 × 10 6 2.8 × 10 4 1.5 × 10 5 3.2 × 10 2 1.0 × 10 6 1.1 × 10 6
13 Al

1 8.0 × 10 4 1.0 × 10 4 40 8.3 × 10 4 8.5 × 10 4
14 Si

2.9 × 10 3 2.7 × 10 5 1.8 × 10 5 40 1.0 × 10 6 1.0 × 10 6
15 P

88 1.0 × 10 3 1.1 × 10 3 2.2 × 10 3 8 × 10 3 1.0 × 10 4

16 S

9.0 × 10 5 3.0 × 10 2 2.1 × 10 4 3.6 × 10 2 4.5 × 10 5 5.2 × 10 5
17 Cl

1.9 × 10 7 1.9 × 10 2 80 — 9 × 103: 5.2 × 10 3
18 Ar

4.5 × 10 2 — — — (1.0 × 105) (1.0 × 105)
19 K

3.9 × 10 5 1.7 × 10 4 8.8 × 10 2 — 3.7 × 10 3 3.8 × 10 3
20 Ca

4.1 × 10 5 5.1 × 10 4 1.2 × 10 4 5.0 × 10 2 6.4 × 10 4 6.1 × 10 4

21 Sc

< 0.004 22 7.6 — 35 34
22 Ti

1 8.6 × 10 3 6.4 × 10 2 1.0 × 10 2 2.7 × 10 3 2.4 × 10 3
23 V

1.9 1.7 × 10 2 63 6 2.8 × 10 2 2.9 × 10 2
24 Cr

0.2 96 3.6 × 10 3 15 1.3 × 10 4 1.3 × 10 4
25 Mn

1.9 1.0 × 10 3 2.3 × 10 3 3.0 × 10 2 6.9 × 10 3 9.5 × 10 3

26 Fe

3.4 5.8 × 10 4 2.5 × 10 5 9.1 × 10 5 9.0 × 10 5 9.0 × 10 5
27 Co

0.39 28 7.0 × 10 2 6.3 × 10 3 2.3 × 10 3 2.3 × 10 3
28 Ni

6.6 72 1.5 × 10 4 6.7 × 10 4 5.0 × 10 4 5.0 × 10 4
29 Cu

23 58 90 1.3 × 10 2 4.5 × 10 2 5.2 × 10 2
30 Zn

11 82 54 28 1.1 × 10 3 1.3 × 10 3

31 Ga

0.03 17 5.1 80 21 38
32 Ge

0.06 1.3 10 37 72 1.2 × 10 2
33 As

2.6 2.0 1.8 11 — 6.6
34 Se

0.090 0.05 8.0 3 — 63
35 Br

6.7 × 10 4 4.0 0.4 1 — 12

36 Kr

0.21 — — — — 48
37 Rb

1.2 × 10 2 70 4.0 — 11 7.0
38 Sr

8.1 × 10 3 4.5 × 10 2 10.0 — 22 24
39 Y

0.001 3 0.35 2.2 — 4.9 4.6
40 Zr

0.026 1.4 × 10 2 10 8 11.2 11.4

41 Nb

0.015 20 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.70
42 Mo

10 1.2 1.5 7.3 2.3 2.6
43 Tc

Instabile
44 Ru

— — 0.9 11 1.9 1.9
45 Rh

— — 0.23 4.1 0.4 0.34

46 Pd

— 0.003 0.84 3.8 1.4 1.4
47 Ag

0.28 0.08 0.085 0.035 0.2: 0.49
48 Cd

0.11 0.18 0.06 0.02 2.0 1.6
49 In

— 0.2 0.004 0.010 1.3: 0.19
50 Sn

0.81 1.5 0.65 2 3: 3.9

51 Sb

0.33 0.2 0.10 0.34 0.3: 0.31
52 Te

— — 1.7 — — 4.9
53 I

64 0.5 0.036 0.6 — 0.9
54 Xe

0.047 — — — — 4.8
55 Cs

0.30 1.6 0.08 — — 0.37

56 Ba

21 3.8 × 10 2 3.5 — 3.8 4.5
57 La

0.003 4 50 0.32 — 0.5 0.44
58 Ce

0.001 2 83 0.86 — 1.0 1.1
59 Pr

0.000 64 13 0.12 — 0.14 0.17
60 Nd

0.002 8 44 0.59 — 0.9 0.83

61 Pm

Instabile
62 Sm

0.000 45 7.7 0.19 — 0.3 0.26
63 Eu

0.000 13 2.2 0.07 — 0.09 0.097
64 Gd

0.000 70 6.3 0.28 — 0.37 0.33
65 Tb

0.001 4 1.0 0.048 — 0.02: 0.060

66 Dy

0.000 91 8.5 0.31 — 0.35 0.40
67 Ho

0.000 22 1.6 0.07 — 0.05: 0.089
68 Er

0.008 7 3.6 0.20 — 0.24 0.25
69 Tm

0.000 17 0.52 0.03 — 0.03: 0.038
70 Yb

0.000 82 3.4 0.19 — 0.34 0.25

71 Lu

0.000 15 0.8 0.033 — 0.15: 0.037
72 Hf

<0.008 4 0.24 — 0.21 0.15
73 Ta

<0.002 5 2.4 0.022

0.06

— 0.038
74 W

<0.001 1.0 0.15

8.1

0.36: 0.13
75 Re

— 0.000 4 0.058

0.85

— 0.05

76 Os

— 0.000 2 0.77

7.6

0.8 0.67
77 Ir

— 0.000 2 0.64

3.0

0.6 0.66
78 Pt

— — 1.1

19

1.8: 1.34
79 Au

0.011 0.002 0.20

1.8

0.3: 0.19
80 Hg

0.15 0.02 0.13

—

— 0.34

81 Tl

— 0.47 0.003

—

0.2: 0.19
82 Pb

0.03 10 0.30

60

2.0 3.1
83 Bi

0.02 0.004 0.012

0.5

— 0.14
84–89 Po–Ac

Instabile

90 Th

0.001 5 5.8 0.044

0.04

0.05 0.045
91 Pa

Instabile
92 U

3.3 1.6 0.015

0.007

— 0.018
93–102 Np–No

Instabile